Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur

Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur

Babur (pseudonym) full name - Zahiriddin Muhammad ibn Umarshayh Mirza. He was a major representative of Uzbek classical literature, poet, historian, geographer, statesman, talented sarkarda, founder of the baburid dynasty, and a descendant of Amir Temur, a Timurid King. Babur was a great figure of his time. His poems, ruboias, are read in love at the right time and even now. He had 6 wives. Bibi Mubaraka, Mohimbegim, Zaynab Sultan Begim, Oysha Sultan Begim, Ma'suma Sultan Begim and Soliha Sultan Begim.

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Life and work:
Babur's father-Umarshaykh Mirzo–was the governor of the Fergana region, and his mother-Qutlug Nigorkhan-was the daughter of the Khan of Mongolia and the governor of Tashkent Yunuskhan. Babur was a descendant of Mironshoh Mirzo, the third son of Amir Temur on the paternal side, while Tughluq Temur Khan's son Khizr Khojahan on the maternal side was his seventh generation.

Patrilineal:

Amir Temur kuragon (1336-1405
Miranshah Mirza (1366-1408)
Sultan Muhammad Mirza (1408-1449
Sultan Abu Said koragon (1424-1469
Umarshaykh Mirzo koragon (1456-1494
Babur (1483-1530)

Mother side:

Tughluq Temurkhan (1329-1362)
Khizr Khojahan (1358-1399
Muhammad Khan (? – 1416)
Sharalikhan (Crown Prince
Uweis Khan (1418-1425
Yunus Khan (1468-1487)
Daughter of Yunus Khan Qutlug Nigorkhonim (1457-1504)
Babur (1483-1530)

Babur's mother was an educated woman, and Aqila, who actively supported Babur in his management of power, accompanying him on his military campaigns. The House of umarshaykh Mirzo lived inside the arch of the capital Andijan. The governor spent the summer months at Syrdarya, Axsi, and the rest of the year at Andijan. Babur's youth was spent in Andijan. Babur special tutors like all timurian Princes, major fozil-he studied military education, fiqh science, Arabic and Persian under the tutelage of scribes, read many historical and literary works, began to be interested in science, poetry. For his bravery and courage, he is nicknamed "The Beaver" ("The Lion") from an early age.

Babur follows the path of his father, devoting himself to the famous Sufi – Khoja Ahror and coming of age in the spirit of his sect, remaining true to that faith for the rest of his life. Later, in" the Boburnoma", Bobur Khoja claims that the spirit of Ahror has repeatedly saved him from inevitable destruction, sickness, and helplessness, acting mercilessly in the most harsh conditions. After his father dies tragically in Axsi prematurely, at the age of 39, The eldest child of the family, the 12-year-old Beaver, is crowned as Crown Prince (June 1494).

Struggle for the throne of Movarounnahr
Movarounnahr had disintegrated into more and more provinces, which had become almost independent, at the end of the 15th century, headed by the conflicting temurian princes or proprietary nobles. The struggle for the throne of Movarounnahr was in full swing, various political intrigues were being organized. On top of this, a few Beks and governors, subject to Umarshaykh Mirza, refuse to submit to the young ruler (Baburga). While some of them are in favor of Babur's brothers, some make a claim for independence, and others join Babur's rival, others uncle, in seeking to physically lose him. With his uncle and uncle, Sultan Ahmad Mirza, who repelled the attacks of Sultan Mahmud Khan, Babur carries out important measures such as strengthening his position in the first 2-3 years of his reign, improving interaction with bek and officials, regulating the Army, establishing discipline in public affairs. Babur's initial political goal was to seize the capital of the Emir Temür state, the strategically and geographically important Samarkand, and maintain, strengthen, and reestablish the Emir Temür Kingdom, a powerful state centered on Movarounnahr.

Beaver's recapture of Andijan
At this time, in a short time, a third ruler had come to the Samarkand throne. Sultan Mahmud Mirza, who ascended the throne after the death of Sultan Ahmad Mirza (July 1494), did not govern the state in Samarkand for more than 5-6 months-he died at the age of 43 after a short illness. He is succeeded by his son Boysungur, who served as governor of Bukhara. In 1495-1496, Babur makes two unsuccessful campaigns to Samarkand. In the autumn of 1497, he takes several places around Samarkand and after a siege of 7 months Samarkand, Boysungur flees to Beaver. The city was going through extremely difficult times due to the siege. It was hard to find even a grain of Ecco. Beaver had great difficulty supplying the army. Some of the navkars flee towards Andijan and Akhsi. On top of that, some of the Bek who remained in Andijan turn away from Babur and side with his brother Jahangir Mirza. Disappointed with Andijan and suffering from economic hardship, Babur decides to leave Samarkand after a hundred days in office, but when he reaches Khojand Andijan also gets caught up and hears that he has switched to the disposal of the opponents. Babur's attempt to retake Andijan with the support of his uncle Mahmud Khan, the governor of Tashkent, will not work. This failure adversely affects Beaver's army, and most bek, the navkars (700-800 men) leave Beaver. Having stayed with the faithful (200-300), Babur, after staying in Khojand for a certain period of time, comes to Tashkent — Mahmud Khan and begins to make a plan to take Andijan back. After a certain period of time, Babur returns to Khojand, soon after, he captures Marghilan and takes events to take over Andijan. It would finally recapture it 2 years later (June 1498). Babur made peace with his brother Jahangir Mirza, leaving at his disposal "the provinces of the Axis side of Khojand water...", taking over the provinces of the Andijan side.

Efforts to capture Samarkand
In the midst of the escalating Timurid Wars, Shaybani Khan sets out to invade Movarounnahr. He travels through Jizzakh and Samarkand to Qarshi and Shahrisabz in 1499, returning to Dashti Kipchak with great booty. Soon after, returning to Movarounnahr with great force, Shaybani Khan takes Bukhara and Karakol (1499), Sultan Ali Mirzo kaltabinically surrenders Samarkand to Shaybani Khan without a fight (1500), but a certain part of the town's inhabitants and nobles were in favor of restoring the Timurid rule. They sent a letter to the governor of Fergana, Babur, urging him to occupy Samarkand. When Babur arrived in Samarkand with his army (240 men) in the late autumn of 1500, the inhabitants marched on him and opened the city gates. The 600 men left by Shaybani Khan for the defense of the city will be massacred. Shaybani Khan retreated to Bukhara. In a short time, the governorship of Babur is recognized in all the districts of Samarkand, Karshi and Guzor, but the city had run out of food supplies and a famine had begun. Upon learning of this, Shaybani Khan gathers great strength and starts marching to Samarkand again. In April 1501, Babur's forces were defeated in a battle near the village of Saripul on Zarafshan. Babur retreats to Samarkand. The city is again besieged, and it lasts for four months. The starving tincture of the inhabitants of the besieged city dries up, Babur desperately leaves Samarkand in the 2nd half of 1501 and heads to Tashkent, to Mahmud Khan.

Temuriy, Baburiy and Shaybaniy Solas
Shaybani Khan's grandfather, Abulkhair Khan, helped Babur's grandfather, Abu Said, come to power in the Timurid state in 1451. Meanwhile, Abulkhair Khan's daughter Honzoda was married to Abu said. His daughter's grandson is buried in the Tomb of Gouri Amir in Samarkand of the Temuri family.

Abulkhair Khan of Uzbekistan married Robia Sultan Begim (d.1485), daughter of Ulughbek, in 1450. Their marriage produced the Sultans Suyunchkhojahan, Kochkunchikhan and white nose. Suyunchkhozhakhan and the Kochkunchikhans enjoyed great prestige among the shaybanids and managed Turkestan, Tashkent and Movarounnahr. Kochkunchikhan ruled the Shaybani State after the death of Muhammad Shaybani Khan.

Shaybani Khan was married to Babur's cousin, Mahmud Khan's daughter – Mrs. Oysha Sultan, who was known as Mrs. Mughul, and Khan was his esteemed wife for the rest of his life. Another cousin of Babur, Lady Qutluk, was married to Princess Jonibek Sultan.

In 1519, Babur sent a manuscript of his poetic collection to Samarkand to the poet steel Sultan Shaybani, the son of Kochkunjikhan.

In the 1520s, Babur established good relations with the shaybanids. As Babur himself noted, during the invasion of India in 1526-1527, Uzbek Sarkars – Sultans: Kasim Husayn Sultan, Bihub Sultan, Tang Atmish Sultan, as well as Mahmudkhan Nukhani, Baba Kashka, Tulmish Uzbek, Qurban Chahri from Ghazipur fought on his side.

In 1528, the Shaybanids sent envoys to Babur to congratulate him on his victory in India.

Leaving movarounnahr
While Babur worked diligently to protect and preserve the Timurid Kingdom and fought steadily against Shaybani Khan for several years, he could not achieve his goal in the difficult economic tension and political parochial conditions that prevailed in the country. In 1503, the United army of the Khan of Tashkent Mahmud Khan, Babur and kalmaks is tormented by Shaybani Khan on the banks of the Syrdarya. While Babur is fighting for the Samarkand throne, Andijan is taken over by Sultan Ahmad Tanbal. His struggle against Sultan Ahmad Tanbal, Jahongir mirzos in 1501-1504 to recover the property of Babur Fergana ended in failure. The people, exhausted by the endless battles and heavy taxes of the temurians, did not apply Beaver, and he would be forced to leave Movarounnahr (June 1504).

Occupation of Kabul
Babur, with a navkari of 200-300 men, crossed the Hisor mountains into Afghanistan and took advantage of the internal conflicts there to occupy Ghazni and Kabul. When Babur takes Kabul, he intensively enters into the formation of an independent state, regulates the Army, establishes a strict internal discipline. To Kabul, in general to Afghanistan, Babur looked like his home country, starting construction, landscaping, kasbu crafts and agricultural development. Established retreats such as" Bogi Shahroro"," Bogi Jahanoro"," middleman"," Bogi wafah "and" Bogi Babur". Bolo, within the city, converted Hisor Castle into his residence, renovated it, built new buildings, and lived with his family in the same castle. His children Humoyun, Gulbadanbegim, Komron and Hindol are born here. Mirzo Ulugbek, my great-grandson, who died in the spring of 1506, is buried in the "Garden of Navruz", which he built here.

Babur acted intensely not as an Conqueror in Afghanistan, but as an eventful ruler who was eager for the prosperity and prosperity of this land, el. He acted righteously and wisely in his interests. According to his practical activities in Afghanistan, Babur went on to gain a great reputation as a powerful head of state and muzaffar sarkarda in all of Khurosan and Movarounnahr, with political life in the region rising to a prominent position. The fact that Sultan Husayn Boyqaro, among all the Timurid rulers, specially invited Babur to the Consultative Assembly on the issue of joint action against the ever-growing March of the shaybanids is evidence of such high prestige. Babur rides to Herat on this suggestion. Despite the sudden death of Husayn Boyqaro (1506), he went to Herat and met and negotiated with the Timurid rulers. The Timurid rulers ' plans to unite and put a barrier on Shaybani Khan's troops would not materialize, and they would soon be defeated one after the other, leaving the kingdom completely out of reach.

In early 1507, Babur began his march to India, but this attempt ended in failure and he returned again to the capital Kabul.

Babur monitors the political situation and the war effort in Movarounnahr and Khurosan, keeping his troops constantly shay. After seizing the major centers of Khurosan, Shaybani Khan begins a march to conquer Iran, but is overcome in a fierce conflict (1510) with the Iranian King Ismail Safawi, himself killed in Marv. King Ismail begins to harm the shaybanids successively by injecting an army into Khurosan and Movarounnahr. Babur would form a military-political alliance with King Ismail, capturing Hisor again in spring 1511, Bukhara in summer, and Samarkand in early October. Babur's dealings with the Iranian Raj of shia yoinaldshiagi cause discontent in the population. On 28 April 1512, at the Battle of Lake malik, Ubaydulla Sultan went towards Babur Hisor, who had been defeated by the chief Shaybani. In the autumn of 1512, Babur met with his Army, nicknamed Najmi Soni, sent by King Ismail, at Balkh and passed by Amudaryo, first taking the Fortress of Huzar (Thunder), then marching across, the city surrendering after a long siege, The Defenders of the city being severely punished. On 24 November 1512, at the Battle of Gijduwon, Babur was again defeated by the shaybanids and forced to retreat to Kabul. Babur breaks his hope permanently from the Ilin of taking Movarounnahr and turns all his attention to India.

Occupation of India
By the spring of 1519, Babur set about carrying out his plans for the conquest of India and made several marches over the next 5-6 years.

Finally, in 1525, Babur began his march to India with 12,000 troops. In April 1526, in Panipat, his main rival, Sultan Ibrahim of Delhi, would crush a hundred thousand-strong army of Lowdi with 12,000 troops and take Delhi.

Shortly thereafter, Rano, the second largest Indian warlord, also triumphed over Sango, subjugating the part of northern India as far as Bengal.

Having chosen Agra as the capital for himself, Babur initiates a large construction and improvement work. Thus Babur laid the foundation for the powerful baburid dynasty, which reigned in India for about three and a half centuries.

Full information on the state of the baburians

Contribution to Indian prosperity
Babur did many social good deeds in India, just as he did in Afghanistan, severely affecting the country's progress. The dissolution and parochialism, mutual internal conflict, ending massacres, United the provinces, placed great emphasis on strengthening the centralized state and the improvement of the land, and the development of ilmu trades and agriculture. Headed the construction work.He is considered the author of various ghazals.

The beginning of his creative career as a poet
According to Babur's own testimony, his creative career as a poet began at the time when he took Samarkand for the second time; "I would say birorikkirar bayt at Ul opportunities," he writes. In the first months of Babur Samarkand, on the initiative of Alisher Navoi, a correspondence begins between them. It also dates back to these years when creative people began to gather around the Beaver. In particular, the ruboi mushaire between Binaiy, Abulbaraka and Babur testifies to the intense literary life in Samarkand. In general, both in the most intense period of his social activity as a statesman and a captain who spent most of his time in battles and battles, and when his personal life and state remained in extremely complex and risky conditions, Babur found time for creative work, gathered and sponsored people of science, art and creativity around him, encouraged them.

Well aware of literature and history, music and art, a true devotee of religious doctrine, Babur was always a scholar-he was in the circle of the phosils, in particular, he sponsored the people of creativity, the owners of professions, with an exhibition of sincere reverence, motivating them financially and spiritually. Such an affectionate attitude to the people of creativity and art was never in vain. Babur was creative by nature. From his early years to the end of his life, he was engaged in fruitful creative work, did not cease to be creative in any circumstances and situations, as a result, leaving a rich scientific and literary legacy, important in all respects.

Creativity
Babur began to write ruboi and ghazals at the age of 18-19. His radifli Ghazali" did not find "and his rubois, which begins with the stanza" the man in humbat the man who does not remember", are associated with his life in those years.

Babur's immense artistry is that he is able to raise his personal experiences to the level of serious generalization, and as a result, the ideas advanced in his works rise to the level of universal values. In the work of Babur, in particular, in his poetry, an artistic analysis of the burning of the motherland with the blood of the navel from dildil, plunging into its soil, grassy longing from the sufferings of strangeness, yor-U diyor milkman and vysol ilinji, shocks and sufferings of the haughty, groaning from the vices of the Times.

In the work of Babur, the theme of love, love-loyalty, visol and hijra also occupies a significant place. In his ghazals and ruboies, chickens and Masnavi, the charming beauty of the mistress, the incomparable husn-U latofati, Oriental decency-U morals, flirting-he is described with great skill in light and playful, musical and fluent verses.

No specific historical data is known to date Beaver, who collected his uz poetic works and brought them to the state of devon. But in the chapter of the"Boburnoma" dedicated to the account of the events of 1518-1519, it is mentioned that the boburan sent the Devon from Kabul to Samarkand. So, in these years, the order was given to his Devon, and this devon in question was also spread in Movarounnahr.

He currently has 119 ghazals, one masnu poem, 209 rubois, more than 10 chickens and continents, more than 50 problems and more than 60 individuals identified. The Devoni also included 8 Masnavi with a total volume of 270 bytes.

The work "Mubayyin"
During the campaigns of 1521 to India, Babur produced "Mubayyin", a work which was published in 1521. Written in the masnawi style, dedicated to Islamic jurisprudence and Sharia creeds, it also summarizes interesting facts about Movarounnahr and the socio-economic life of the time regarding India. The "Mubayyin", intended as a program for Crown Prince Humayun and Komron Mirzos, also describes Sharia criteria about prayer, Zakat and Hajj pilgrimage. During these years, Babur concludes his scientific treatise on one of the main issues of Oriental poetry, the weight of aruz, its theory and practice. He began his creative work on the royal work "The Beaver", which made the Beaver name world famous, in 1518-1519.

In addition to Babur's above works, there were also "Hatti Baburiy", as well as a series of pamphlets dedicated specifically to the art of music and the work of the harb, but the text of the next two works has not yet been found. In "Hatti Baburiy", the author edited the Arabic alphabet, adapting it to the criteria of Turkic language and pronunciation in order to simplify and facilitate writing.

Beaver poisoning
On December 21, 1526, an assassination attempt was launched against Beaver. The mother of the destroyed Abraham Lodi, tongue-in-cheek with the cooks, adds poison to his food. Therefore, whether it is a complication or the impact of many years of hard and landless life, in any case, in subsequent years, the Beaver often gets sick.

In October 1527, Babur felt his life was over when he again fell ill. Then Babur, wishing salvation from the spirit of the Wali of Khoja Ahror, whom he believed in, willingly translates his work "The Parent", which is finished in prose, poetically. The 243-byte work, which showed Beaver's ability as a skilled translator, was completed in a very short time with great creative inspiration. By Beaver's own admission, the end of the translation was still a complete recovery. During these years, he continued to work on the" Baburnoma "seasons, creating new-new ghazal-rubois, in his own words, arranging the" Indian future aytqan ash'or", as well as sending the" Validiya "translation, the pattern and continents finished with the" Hatti Baburiy", to Movarounnahr and Afghanistan, Khumoyun, Khoja Kalon, Hindol, etc. His famous letter to Humoyun Mirza, analyzing socio-moral issues, was also one of the bright edges of Babur's creative activity.

Babur, who had surrendered the kingdom to Humoyun some time before, died at the age of 47 in Agra, the capital of the kingdom he had founded, and was buried there, and later (1539), in accordance with his will, Khaki was brought to Kabul and placed in the "Garden Babur"he had built.

Babur children
Babur's daughter Gulbadan Begim (1522, Kabul -1603, Delhi) was the only woman-historian from Central Asia to have grown up in the Middle Ages. Fahrinisobegim (1502-1502), Humoyun (1508-1556), Mehr Jahanbegim, Ishan ad-Statbegim, Barbul Mirzo (1518-1521), Faruk Mirzo (1526-1527), Gul Bargbegim, Masuma Sultanbegim, Kamron Mirzo (1509-1557), Gul Izarbegim, Muhammad Askari Mirzo (1526-1527 1517-1554), Sultan Ahmad Mirzo (1517-1525), Shahruh Mirzo (1522-1527), Gul Rangbegim (1511/1515 – after 1534), Gulchehrabegim (1515/1517-1557), Abu Nasir Muhammad Hindol Mirzo (1519-1551), Alur Mirzo (1524-1529).

Babur Yadi during the years of independence
Babur found true dignity in his home country after Uzbekistan gained independence. The 510th anniversary of the birth of Babur was solemnly celebrated in 1993 by decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the city of Andijan there is a theater, a library, a National Park ("Garden Beaver") in the name of Beaver. The museum "Beaver and world culture", the symbolic Tomb mausoleum of the poet, was built in the complex of the Beaver National Park. A monument to the poet was erected in the city center (author Ravshan Mirtozhiev) and in the memorial complex in Babur Park (author Kadirjon Salahiddinov). One of the central streets in Andijan, as well as an amusement park and street in Tashkent, an amusement park in Khanabad, Andijan region, was named after Babur. The medal named after Babur of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan was established. Orientalist scholar Ubaydulla Karimov was the first recipient of the medal.

Exploring Beaver creativity
The study of Beaver creativity dates back to the road in 1958. This year, a large scientific conference was organized in Tashkent. Sharaf Rashidov paid special attention to the study of Babur's creativity. Babur's works were published, and Hamid Sulaymanov imported and published copies of Babur's miniatures from abroad.

Orientalist Sabohat Azimjonova defended her doctoral thesis in the circle of Babur Khayat and history and published a fundamental monograph.

Babur was not only a great commander, but also a great poet. About Babur, the Uzbek Folk writer Pirimkul Kadyrov wrote the work "starry nights". The work covers exactly the events of Beaver from his youth until his death.

The International Beaver Foundation (December 23, 1993), led by zokirjon Mashrabov, a naturalist scientist from Andijan, has done considerable work in the study of Beaver creation. The scientific expedition of the foundation organized scientific trips by car across more than 10 Eastern countries, covered more than 200 thousand km, collected new data on the steps of the Babur and baburians, their scientific heritage, and included them in scientific consumption. On the basis of this information, more than 10 scientific, documentary, artistic works (Z. Mashrabov, S. Shokarimov: "the Beaver who painted the centuries"; S. Jalilov: "Fergana state of Babur", "Babur and Andijan"; Qamchibek Kenja: "Indian sorigha"; X. Sultanov: "Babur's dreams", "Baburiynoma"; R. Shamsuddinov:" in the footsteps of the Baburians"," the Baburid Dynasty"; T. Charter: "Three words"), about 10 documentaries, videos (F. Rasulov:" in the footsteps of Babur"," Holy steps"; T. Roziyev: "Bobur salami", "international scientific expedition named after Bobur"; T. Hamidov:" Pride") was created. The foundation has chapters in Lohur (Pakistan), Hyderabad (India), Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), Moscow (RF), Osh (Kyrgyzstan), Tashkent, Namangan (Uzbekistan). The foundation's 1998 International Awards in the field of boburology were awarded for the first time to Pirimqul Kadyrov, Sabohat Azimjonova, Ghaybullah as-Salom, Ne'matilla Otajonov, Khairddin Sultanov, Eyje Mano (Japan), Muhammadali Abduqunduzov, Maqsud Yunusov, Shafiqa bright (Afghanistan), Mazhan Tokasinov, Ravshan Mirtojiyev, Majid Tursunov, Rahmonjan Azimov, Muhammadjan Mirzayev.

Videos about Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur:

Boburiylar sulolasi Mo'g'ullar imperiyasi sifatida talqin qilinishiga chek qo'yildi.

"Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Yo'lbars izidan" hujjatli filmi ("Xalq yuragi" turkumidan)

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur hayoti va ijodi haqida

Toshkentda Boburiylar avlodi borligini bilasizmi?

Boburiylar davlati

Works by Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur:

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma (akademik nashr)

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Boburnoma (tabdil)

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Tanlangan asarlar (1976)

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur. Nazm durdonalari (1996)